A RARE FACT ABOUT INDIAN COINS

Interesting stuff...



Indian coins are mainly produced in 4 cities: 1. Delhi 2. Mumbai 3.
Hyderabad 4. Kolkata The production in city puts an identification
mark under the year of issue. Coins produced in: 1. Delhi - have a dot
beneath the year 2. Mumbai - have adiamond beneath the year 3.
Hyderabad - have a star beneath the year 4. Kolkata - Nothing beneath
the year Isn’t it amazing? Most of us don’t know this........Now put
your hand inside your pocket/ wallet/ purse and check out!!!!

You can download Re symbol for free

Stanley G Pinto | TNN

Mangalore: Your needn’t fret anymore to get the rupee symbol on your computer screen. Though the symbol may take a while to appear on the keyboard, it can now be typed as a character, thanks to a newly-created font.
Mangalore-based Foradian Technologies Pvt Ltd has made it possible for users to use the symbol by creating a font called Rupee_Foradian.
The font can be downloaded from the company’s blog — http://blog.foradian.com — for free.
Foradian Technologies CEO Unni Koroth told TOI that the government had said that it would take more than a year for the symbol to be commercially used. “In this era of technological advancement, that was something of an amusement to us. We thought of doing something about it,” he said.
The technology company created a vector image of the symbol and mapped the ‘grave accent’ symbol — the key just above the ‘Tab’ button on the keyboard — with the new rupee symbol. This keystroke was chosen because most users and programmers don’t use it.
The trial version of the font was downloaded 1,100 times within an hour. As of now, total downloads have crossed 5,000. The company then worked on the full version, which also is available on the blog for free.
A YouTube video — www.youtube.com/watch?v=XSfhzuU7C rw — shows how easy it is to use the font.
Many users of social networking sites, such as Facebook and Orkut, have started using the font, as have hundreds of bloggers. Version 2.0 of the font was released within 24 hours of the government’s announcement that the symbol had been selected.



SIMPLE SOLUTION
After downloading the font, a .ttf file, copy it to the
C:/Windows/Fonts folder on your computer
Open a file in a wordprocessor. Type the first character on the keyboard (it appears to the left of 1). Select the character, and apply the Rupee_Foradian font. Lo and behold, the rupee symbol appears!

પ્રેમનો સાગર

ધરો ધીરજ વધુ પડતો પ્રણય સારો નથી હોતો;
અતિ વરસાદ કૈ ખેડૂતને પ્યારો નથી હોતો.

તમારા ગર્વની સામે અમારી નમ્રતા કેવી?
ગગનમાં સૂર્યની સામે કદી તારો નથી હોતો.

અગન એની અમર છે મૃત્યુથી પર પ્રેમ છે ઓ દિલ,
બળીને ભસ્મ થનારો એ અંગારો નથી હોતો

હવે ચાલ્યા કરો ચાલ્યા કરો બસ, એ જ રસ્તો છે,
ત્યજાયેલા પથિકનો કોઇ સથવારો નથી હોતો

જરી સમજીવિચારી લે પછી હંકાર હોડીને,
મુહબ્બતના સમંદરને કદી આરો નથી હોતો.

ચમકતાં આંસુઓ જલતા જિગરનો સાથ મળવાનો,
ન ગભરા દિલ પ્રણયનો પંથ અંધારો નથી હોતો.

ઘણાંય એવાંય તોફાનો ઊઠે છે મનની નગરીમાં,
કે જેનો કોઇ અણસારો કે વરતારો નથી હોતો.

ફક્ત દુ:ખ એ જ છે એનું તરસ છીપી નથી શકતી,
નહીંતર પ્રેમનો સાગર કદી ખારો નથી હોતો.

- શેખાદમ આબુવાલા

Shri Narendra Modi's blog

http://www.narendramodi.com/

Raman Scanner: fingerprinting the universe

Raman Effect: fingerprinting the universe

At school, we were taught that Sir CV Raman won the 1930 Nobel Prize for Physics for discovering the “Raman effect”. But when we asked what exactly the Raman Effect was, our science teacher fobbed us off, saying “it’s very complicated.” Clearly, even he didn’t know. Cynical students wondered why a complicated discovery without any obvious use had won the Nobel Prize. But today, Raman’s discovery has finally become a breakthrough technology. Hand-held scanners called Raman scanners, weighing just one-third of a kilo, are being used by US narcotics squads and airports to detect drugs. Security experts think that Raman scanners may be the best devices to detect explosives carried by terrorists. Safety inspectors are using Raman scanners to detect hazardous chemicals and gases. Police forces are using Raman scanners for forensic work. The scanners work by detecting the molecular structure of the object they are scanning. If you shoot a beam of light on an object, a very small part of it interacts with the atoms of the object and scatters light in a pattern or spectrum unique to that particular molecule. This is the Raman Effect. It is difficult to detect, and typically needs lasers to amplify the signal. Every molecule has a different Raman pattern. This is why Raman scanning has been called the fingerprinting of the universe: it can identify substances as surely as fingerprints can identify humans. Identifying the chemical composition of a substance typically requires chemical and physical tests that take time, maybe days. They typically require a sample to be extracted and destroyed while testing. But Raman scanning can take just 20 seconds. It does not require cutting, extracting or destroying a substance. Scanners have a laser, spectroscope and an electronic heart that can recognize Raman patterns. This yields almost instant recognition of target substances. For instance, narcotics squads in the US are using Raman scanners programmed to detect up to 100 drugs. At the scene of a crime, or during airport security checks, the scanner can tell whether a substance is heroin, crack cocaine, amphetamine, or plain chalk. Security experts can programme scanners to detect different sorts of explosives such as RDX or nitroglycerine. For decades, Raman’s discovery could not be converted into easily usable or affordable tools. In his time, equipment for lasers and spectrum separation and scanning were primitive, bulky and costly. Only in the 1980s did laser technology progress to the point where it was compact and economic. This new technology was most popularly established in the CD player: a laser could scan a disc to play music. Scientists in many fields, including space and telecom, began to research applications for the Raman Effect. Some found ways to enhance the Raman Effect by adding surface metals, making the effect easier to detect. This led ultimately to the invention of scanners that could detect trace elements of less than one part per billion. Such scanners can identify minute quantities of bacteria, chemical pollutants, or explosive elements. A recent article in The Atlantic, a US monthly, says that Raman scanners are gradually becoming big business. It cites officials at Delta Nu, a manufacturer of Raman scanners, as saying that scanners are already a $150 million business, and growing fast. The company’s scanners currently cost $15,000 each, but it hopes to cut the cost to just $5,000 in the next five to ten years. Researchers at UCLA and Intel have incorporated the Raman Effect on silicon. Because of its crystalline structure, the Raman Effect is 10,000 times stronger in silicon than glass. Researchers at JPL and Caltech have found other ways to increase laser efficiency. This has driven down size and costs. Researchers at Stanford University are experimenting with Raman scanners to diagnose cancers in various organs. River Diagnostics in Rotterdam is marketing a bacteria analyzer that hospitals can use to instantly detect deadly pathogens. One day, Raman scanners may make blood tests obsolete: a scan may suffice to tell you the content of glucose, cholesterol, uric acid and other elements in your blood. Scientists aim ultimately to create a database of Raman patterns of every substance for easy identification. This is similar to Nandan Nilekani creating a national database for fingerprints and irises to identify every Indian. Databases have already been created for narcotics, pollutants and explosives, which is why scanners have already become practical tools. Every time they are used to catch a drug smuggler or terrorist, or to detect a cancer or pollutant, we can give thanks to CV Raman. School teachers can now teach students why exactly the Raman Effect is so important: it fingerprints the universe.

-- By Swaminathan S Anklesaria Aiyar, TOI

jatropha cultivation to follow Amul model in Gujarat

Today's concern for green energy is not unknown to anyone. Here I would like to share one such new to have Jatropha as fuel source.

Ministry of science & technology's CSMCRI, has entered into a three-way agreement with the US Department of Energy (DOE) and auto giant General Motors to develop jatropha as a sustainable biofuel energy crop. A complete lifecycle analysis will be conducted to evaluate the environmental impact, starting with fertiliser production, raw materials and harvesting of the jatropha fruit over the five-year period. "Objective behind the $1-million project is to demonstrate that jatropha can produce significant quantity of oil for commercial scale conversion to biodiesel," said General Motors India MD Karl Slym. As per the agreement, the new partnership will establish two farms at Bhavnagar and Kalol in Gujarat.

Amul 's 'white revolution' has changed the lives of thousands of farmers in Gujarat. Now, a Gujarat-based research institute plans to replicate the co-operative model for cultivating jatropha, which produces biofuel. Bhavnagar-based Central Salt & Marine Chemicals Research Institute (CSMCRI) is in talks with NGOs like Self Employed Women's Association (SEWA) so as to use the Amul model to avail large quantity of raw material for manufacturing biofuel. This will help the country reduce its dependence on imported petroleum products. Dr Puspito Ghosh, director of CSMCRI said, "We have tasted sweet fruits of 'White Revolution.' If joint efforts are made for mass cultivation, jatropha too has the same potential. Rural co-operatives are the best solution to get quality jatropha fruits under the observation of experts. The institute has also mooted a proposal to the state's forest department formally." Jatropha is emerging as a promising choice for alternative fuel source in India. Since jatropha is cultivated on a random basis on around 0.9 million hectares of land in India, quality of oilseeds are not high. "Though Gujarat's share in total cultivation is just 2.5% at present, we want to promote jatropha cultivation on large chunks of wasteland not only to procure raw materials for biofuel but to also give employment to thousands of people," said Ghosh. Just like milk co-operatives, jatropha co-operative societies would also protect economic interest of farmers he explained, adding, "We are working on a dedicated mobile plant which would collect jatropha seeds from various farms. The plant would extract oil from seeds in front of the farmer. By end of the day, the biofuel processing refinery would have adequate raw oil and farmers would be paid in cash."The approximate cost of a mobile plant would be around Rs 30 lakh. Initially, CSMCRI would develop one unit on experimental basis. Jatropha is a drought-resistant, non-edible plant that can be grown commercially with minimal care on marginal land. Unlike corn and sugarcane, which are grown elsewhere for biofuels, jatropha is inedible; so, it will not impact the food chain negatively.

EXCELLENT THOUGHT PROCESS!!!

CEO's (of J.P Morgan) Fantastic reply to a Pretty Girl

A young and pretty lady posted this on a popular forum:

Title: What should I do to marry a rich guy?
I'm going to be honest of what I'm going to say here. I'm 25 this year. I'm very pretty, have style and good taste. I wish to marry a guy with $500k annual salary or above. You might say that I'm greedy, but an annual salary of $1M is considered only as middle class in New York . My requirement is not high. Is there anyone in this forum who has an income of $500k annual salary? Are you all married? I wanted to ask: what should I do to marry rich persons like you? Among those I've dated, the richest is $250k annual income, and it seems that this is my upper limit. If someone is going to move into high cost residential area on the west of New York CityGarden(? ), $250k annual income is not enough.

I'm here humbly to ask a few questions:

1) Where do most rich bachelors hang out? (Please list down the names and addresses of bars, restaurant, gym)
2) Which age group should I target?
3) Why most wives of the riches is only average-looking? I've met a few girls who doesn't have looks & are not interesting, but they are able to marry rich guys
4) How do you decide who can be your wife, & who can only be your girlfriend? (my target now is to get married)

Ms. Pretty

Awesome reply:

Dear Ms. Pretty,

I have read your post with great interest. Guess there are lots of girls out there who have similar questions like yours. Please allow me to analyse your situation as a professional investor. My annual income is more than $500k, which meets your requirement, so I hope everyone believes that I'm not wasting time here. From the standpoint of a business person, it is a bad decision to marry you. The answer is very simple, so let me explain. Put the details aside, what you're trying to do is an exchange of "beauty" and "money": Person A provides beauty, and Person B pays for it, fair and square. However, there's a deadly problem here, your beauty will fade, but my money will not be gone without any good reason. The fact is, my income might increase from year to year, but you can't be prettier year after year. Hence from the viewpoint of economics, I am an appreciation asset, and you are a depreciation asset. It's not just normal depreciation, but exponential depreciation. If that is your only asset, your value will be much worried 10 years later.

By the terms we use in Wall Street, every trading has a position, dating with you is also a "trading position". If the trade value dropped we will sell it and it is not a good idea to keep it for long term - same goes with the marriage that you wanted. It might be cruel to say this, but in order to make a wiser decision any assets with great depreciation value will be sold or "leased". Anyone with over $500k annual income is not a fool; we would only date you, but will not marry you. I would advice that you forget looking for any clues to marry a rich guy. And by the way, you could make yourself to become a rich person with $500k annual income. This has better chance than finding a rich fool.

Hope this reply helps. If you are interested in "leasing" services, do

contact me...

signed,

CEO

J.P. Morgan